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Thursday, April 23, 2015

Nancy Barr Mavity: Guest post by Randal S. Brandt

Today I welcome guest blogger Randal S. Brandt. Randal is a librarian at The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. The idea for this article came out of research he did in preparation for a panel on "Female Authors of the Past" at Left Coast Crime 2015 in Portland, in which he looked at several women who came to prominence during the 1930s and 40s in the thriving mystery scene of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Randal S. Brandt:
Nancy Barr Mavity 

Fifty-six years ago today, on April 23, 1959, Nancy Barr Mavity died unexpectedly of a heart attack at her home in Piedmont, California at the age of 68. She had been at her desk at the Oakland Tribune the day before— the same as every day of the previous 34 years. A feminist ahead of her time, Mavity refused to be confined to a single role. Instead, she—to borrow a phrase popular in today’s parlance—“leaned in” and led three distinctive lives as a wife and mother, a successful crime and mystery novelist, and a well-respected newspaper journalist, so well respected that the Tribune carried the story of her death on Page One on the very day she died.

But who was Nancy Barr Mavity?

Biographical details of her life paint a compelling portrait of a remarkable woman with an independent spirit. Nann Clark Barr was born in Illinois on October 22, 1890 to Dr. Granville Walter Barr and his wife Annabelle Applegate Barr. While she was still a young girl, the family moved to Keokuk, Iowa where her father, who had traded a career in medicine for journalism, became City Editor of the local newspaper, The Gate City. She earned an A.B. degree from Western College in Oxford, Ohio, attended graduate school at Wellesley College and earned both a Master’s degree and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Cornell University, where she was awarded one of the prestigious Susan Linn Sage Graduate Scholarships in Philosophy. After leaving Cornell, she taught philosophy at Connecticut College for Women before moving to New York City to join a publishing firm. On Christmas Day 1917 Nancy married Arthur Benton Mavity, who also worked in publishing, and in March 1919, shortly after she gave birth to their first child, they moved to California. The move, which was precipitated when Arthur’s firm re-assigned him to the San Francisco office, was not a welcome one as Nancy also had a promising career in progress in New York.

They settled in Oakland and in 1920 Nancy went to work for the San Francisco Chronicle writing book reviews and literary essays. In the early 1920s, Sunset Magazine published a number of articles that she had written while traveling for six months on her own in Japan, China, Indonesia, Australia, and New Zealand. This was a truly remarkable undertaking, as her husband and two young children remained at home. Remarkable for the time, yes, but simply a matter of course in the Mavity family. In 1926, Nancy wrote a highly personal article on “The Wife, the Home, and the Job” for Harper’s Magazine in which she extolled the virtues of the working wife and mother and fiercely advocated for a woman’s right to choose her work and share parenting and housekeeping responsibilities with her husband, citing her trip as an example. (She revisited this theme in a 1951 issue of Harper’s with a follow-up article, “The Two-Income Family,” reflecting on her quarter-century of working outside the home.)

In the meantime, she began writing books—all types of books. Nancy’s initial effort, Responsible Citizenship, a textbook on American politics co-written with her husband, was published in 1923. This was followed shortly by a volume of poetry dedicated to her daughter called A Dinner of Herbs (she had been publishing her poems in various magazines since childhood), and her first novel, Hazard, which was largely autobiographical. She also wrote a history of newspaper journalism, The Modern Newspaper, in 1930 and an even-handed biography of Aimee Semple MacPherson, Sister Aimee, in 1931.

But it was when she went to work for the Oakland Tribune in 1925 that she found her life’s calling. In a retrospective that appeared at the time of her death, she is quoted as saying: “I went into newspaper work to enlarge my experience of people as an aid to fiction writing, then I stayed in it for its own sake.”

Did she ever.

For the next 33 years, the byline “By Nancy Barr Mavity” made regular appearances in the pages of the Tribune. She wrote colorfully and authoritatively on a myriad range of topics—from crime reporting to social reform, from literary criticism to local interest stories. She covered labor strikes and the Bay Area literary scene, reported on the 1945 United Nations Conference in San Francisco, and interviewed University of California physicist Ernest O. Lawrence. She was also the first woman to spend a night in Folsom Prison, where she had gone to cover the pardon hearing of Warren K. Billings, who had been convicted—along with Thomas J. Mooney—of the 1916 Preparedness Day bombing in San Francisco. She later called the resulting story one of her proudest professional achievements.

In the 1930s, Nancy Barr Mavity’s literary efforts turned to crime and detective fiction. Her first mystery novel, The Tule Marsh Murders, published in 1929, introduced ace crime reporter James Alyosius “Peter” Piper. Peter succeeds at his job by being relentless in his pursuit of a story, and he frequently conducts his own investigations without bothering to let the police in on the action. The character appeared in five additional novels: The Body on the Floor (1929), The Other Bullet (1930), The Case of the Missing Sandals (1930), The Man Who Didn't Mind Hanging (1932), and The Fate of Jane McKenzie (1933). Mavity’s last mystery, The State Versus Elna Jepson (1937), was a stand-alone courtroom drama about an obstinately independent young woman accused of murdering the wife of the man she loves.

Mavity’s mysteries are notable for their portrayal of the role of science in the detection of crime. Psychology and forensics frequently provide key clues to the solutions of the mysteries. However, it is usually Peter Piper, not the police detectives, who advocates for modern criminological methods. Over the course of the novels, Peter promotes the uses of lie detection, ballistics, fingerprint analysis, and blood spatter trajectories in uncovering murderers. Advertisements and book reviews frequently claimed that Mavity’s fictions were based on actual criminal cases and true circumstances, and the fact that the murder victim in The Case of the Missing Sandals bears a striking resemblance to Aimee Semple MacPherson did not go unnoticed in the press.

The novels were also praised by Mavity’s fellow journalists for being particularly accurate in their portrayal of newshounds and newsrooms. Although many of Peter’s news-gathering antics would never be tolerated by today’s law enforcers, some of the anecdotes from Nancy’s own career are distinctly similar to those of her fictional hero. As a crime reporter, she covered many of the most notorious criminal cases, including the trials of William Edward Hickman, a child murderer, and David Lamson, a Stanford University executive accused and eventually acquitted of murdering his wife. In one case, Mavity used a ladder to climb through the window of a vacated jury deliberation room in order to gather up the contents of the wastebasket, writing a story for the next morning’s edition on exactly how many ballots the jury had taken and what the votes were. In another, she risked facial burns by keeping her head next to a furnace pipe in order to eavesdrop on a jury, and for three days fed the newspaper direct quotes from the deliberations.

Nancy was widowed when her first husband Arthur Benton Mavity passed away in 1931, leaving her as a working single mother with two young children. In addition to keeping her job at the Tribune, she also produced her last three novels before her marriage in 1938 to photographer Edward Almon “Doc” Rogers, who had taken a ferry across the bay in order to photograph the aftermath of the great San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906. It is unknown why she gave up fiction-writing, but she certainly did not give up her association with the Bay Area’s literary community—especially it’s flourishing cadre of mystery writers.

In 1945, Mystery Writers of America (MWA) was formed in order to promote the genre and the help ensure sufficient pay for mystery authors. Berkeley author and critic Anthony Boucher, who was also involved in progressive politics, was quick to join the cause, becoming one of the fledgling organization’s founding members. But MWA was headquartered in New York. So, in 1947, the first regional branch was established in Northern California. Their inaugural meeting was held in San Francisco, with Boucher elected chair, Lenore Glen Offord designated secretary, and Alfred Meyers as treasurer. Other Bay Area mystery writers in attendance were Robert Finnegan, Cary Lucas, Mary Collins, Miriam Allen de Ford, Darwin and Hildegarde Teilhet, Dana Lyon, Eugene Goldsmith, Dora Richards (aka “Richard”) Shattuck, Florence Ostern Faulkner, Eunice May Boyd, and Virginia Rath.

We know all of this because Nancy Barr Mavity was there, too. On March 2, 1947 the Oakland Tribune ran a lengthy article with the familiar by-line “By Nancy Barr Mavity,” accompanied by E.A. Rogers’ photographs, that described the festivities in Nancy’s characteristic light-hearted prose:
  •  “Crime Incorporated, with murder and mayhem, slow or sudden death and assorted dirty work at the crossroads, has invaded the Bay Area. Its practitioners have banded together to ‘hold up’ the public, demanding, in two words, more kudos and more kale. Two dozen lively promoters of death met conspiratorially, at the gunpoint of Anthony Boucher..., to form a Western ‘cell’ of Mystery Writers of America, Inc., with the flourishing slogan, ‘Crime does not pay—enough.’ Over dinner and drinks (with or without cyanide) at a San Francisco restaurant, with the butt end of a .44 for gavel, officers were elected and arrangements made for monthly meetings, alternately in San Francisco and the Eastbay.” 
Many of those subsequent meetings were also documented in the pages of the Tribune by Nancy Barr Mavity. In this way, in her role as literary editor for the Oakland Tribune, she championed the sometimes maligned mystery genre, while simultaneously pursuing her widespread journalistic interests. Although death took her far too soon, Nancy Barr Mavity lived fully and totally on her own terms, refusing to let the norms of her time dictate her life.

11 comments:

  1. Very interesting, thanks for this, Randal and Janet. I'm adding NBM to SYKM pronto!

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  2. Sister Aimee is the only title in the Peninsula Library System.

    None of the mysteries are available. Will have to look into ILL I guess.

    Thanks.

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  3. A fascinating biography, colorful like much of that era in San Francisco with strong willed, creative personalities creating careers, friendships, and literary works among the colorful characters living in the Bay Area.

    Thanks to Janet and Randal for sharing this marvelous life for us.

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  4. Unfortunately, the mysteries are rather hard to find, as none of them ever appeared in paperback. The UC Berkeley Library has circulating copies of all of them, though, and they participate in Inter-Library Loan.

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  5. Nancy Barr Mavity was my maternal grandmother. I found this article by accident but it is a nice surprise.

    It was at her insistence that no woman should ever have less knowledge/education than her spouse that motivated my mother Nancy Mavity Nye, to enroll in law school at UC Berkeley graduating in 1946.

    I do have copies of all her books.

    Anne Stacey

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    1. Hello Anne. My mother, Joan, was briefly married to your uncle John. Your mother facilitated their divorce. Joan Mavity died 2 years ago but never stopped being in love with John Barr. My name is Katie (Mavity - she never married again but gave me her/your name). I am 64 and am married to a barrister and live in the UK. Cheers.

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    2. Anne Stacey, Do you still read this blog?

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    3. I just saw this and I’m compelled to reach out. My name is Tim Nye, Anne’s surviving brother. I have vivid memories of John from my childhood and the Bohemian scene in the Bay Area in the 60’s. He was an excellent player of Flamenco guitar, sketched well and was a lively personality. However, I had no idea that he was previously married. I liked my Aunt Isabel, she was the daughter of a well known professor of international law at the University of Chicago.
      Of interest in this brief biography not discussed is the extreme youth of my grandmother in her education. Her A.B. was obtained at age 18 finishing with her Ph.D. at just 22.
      She named her daughter, my mother, who obtained her undergraduate degree at from UC Berkeley at age 19) Nancy, after herself. My father declined to perpetuate this new custom so that his second daughter was named Anne Clark Nye; which effectively achieved the same result: Anne C.

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  6. Reply to Anne Stacey: I am very glad that you found and enjoyed this article. I had a lot of fun researching your grandmother. I would be very interested to talk to you directly. Please contact me at rbrandt@berkeley.edu if you would be willing to correspond.

    With best wishes,
    Randal Brandt

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  7. Thanks for putting a face on the author of "Sister Aimee" (1931) that I just got done reading.

    Here is a review of that book here:
    http://www.amazon.com/Sister-Aimee-Nancy-Barr-Mavity/dp/B0006ALJ1I

    Mavity probably makes a better crime writer than historian as she seems to treat Aimee Semple McPherson as the well meaning but deluded and perhaps even villainous character in the 1926 reported kidnapping incident. To accomplish this, she omits certain important pieces of evidence that would tend to exonerate the evangelist. Facts were simply absent from Mavity's book, easily obtainable from period newspapers, further underscoring Mavity's propensity to cherry pick, shoehorn or otherwise ignore evidence (examples in the above provided link).

    However, in spite of herself, she does provide some interesting information arguing for McPherson's kidnapping and escape as an actual crime.

    Mexican authorities, for example, were immediate in their statements that a person as famous as Aimee Semple McPherson was not kidnapped into Mexico; but crossed by her own free will. Even as an unknown woman in a Douglas hospital was just identified and announced as the missing McPherson, on that SAME day of June 23, 1926 Consul general of Mexico, George A. Lubert, immediately said; since authorities of the US and Mexico keep strict watch on the shared boundary, it was "simply not possible to smuggle a person across the border."

    In view of the continual porous nature of the Mexican border regarding the traffic of humanity with their contraband of illegal objects from one side to the other, with only a few getting caught on its grates, this statement of a "strict watch," is amusingly bombastic.

    Moreover, kidnapping rings were prevalent with a "Felipe" just discovered by the Department of Justice running a white slavery and narcotics ring out of Mexico City. Felipe was mentioned in another case and also in McPherson's statement regarding her captivity, of a huge hulking chief visiting from Mexico City. (The San Bernardino County Sun July 10, 1926).

    Additionally, there was a bribe solicitation by a Mexican mayor requiring McPherson to pay $5000 in exchange for backing her story, else he would release a damaging one. Together with known historical connections of many south of the border officials with organized crime (the recent example of the 43 missing students) and all too quick Mexican denial statements that Mavity pointed out; it is possible some Mexican officials were in on her 1926 kidnapping.

    Yes, Mavity's puzzle piece contribution here is the type of information I have not found from other biographers.

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  8. You will be happy to know that Otto Penzler will be reprinting The Tule Marsh Murder in his American Classics Series next year. The announcement lead me to a google search for Nancy Barr Mavity and this article.

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